英汉对照的有关船舶方面

   2023-04-12 13:31:00 网络310
核心提示:The intent of this specification is to describe the design, construction and equipment of an ocean-going Product Chemica

英汉对照的有关船舶方面

The intent of this specification is to describe the design, construction and equipment of an ocean-going Product Chemical oil Tanker with the deadweight of about 16,500 tons. It shall be suitable for carrying liquid product oil, vegetable oils as per IMO II up to SG 1.3 in bulk, which can be carried in accordance with Class Notation, technical specification and which are not harmful to vessel's cargo system.

本规格书是用来描述16500DWT远洋航行的成品油轮的设计、建造和装备的。本船适用于装运IMOII密度达到1.3的成品油、植物油。本船应能按入级条件和技术条件下装运而不会对货物系统造成损害。

Additional cargoes to be finalized with Class and to be mutually agreed.

另外附加的货物种类由船级社和双方敲定下来并达成认可。

Following contract plans shall accompany and form an integral part of this Specification :

下列图纸将作为合同的补充并构成本规格书的主要部分:

General Arrangement Plan(DrawingNo.OM-GFW50522-02D)

总布置图 (图号:OM-GFW90318-02D)

Midship Section(DrawingNo.OM-GFW50522-03D)

横剖面图(图号:OM-GFW90318-03D)

Maker List (Drawing No. OM-GFW50522-04D

厂商表 (图号:OM-GFW90318-04D)

*Preliminary plans are subject to Class approval

初始设计按照船级社认可项目进行。

This Specification and accompanying plans shall form an integral part of the Contract.

本规格书和附带图纸将构成合同的主要部分。

The vessel to be designed, constructed, equipped, tested and delivered complete to the Owner by the Builder in accordance with this Specification and working plans.

本船将由船厂按照本规格书和工作图进行设计、建造、装备、试验及完工交船。

Details in design, construction, fabrication, installation, inspection, tests, workmanship etc. not covered by this Specification shall be in accordance with the Builder’s, Subcontractor’s/Manufacturer’s practices based on the appropriate standards and Classification Society’s and/or Regulatory bodies and/or Competent Authorities rules and regulations for this kind of vessel being adopted at the time of Vessel’s construction.

应根据本规格书并按照船厂转包商/制造商的通常做法提供有关设计、建造、装配、安装、检查、试验、工艺等的详细资料,并且基于适当的标准和船级社要求和/或主管机关规则和/或适用于本船具有同等权威效力的规则及规范在船舶建造过程中应被采纳。

Materials, apparatus and equipment shall be in accordance with ISO/JIS or equivalent Chinese Standards.

材料、设备和装备应按照ISO/JIS或相当的中国标准。

All materials that shall be used for the construction of the vessel shall be Class approved.

所有用于船体结构的材料均应由船级社认可。

It is to be understood that anything not mentioned in this Specification but required by the Classification Society or Regulatory Bodies listed herein, shall be supplied and/or equipped by the Builder.

下列情形应被理解为本规格书未提及但是船级社或地方主管部门提出要求的,船厂应提供和/或装备。

Any requirement of the Owner, which is in excess of the requirements of the Rules and Regulations as specified in Article 108 “RULES AND REGULATIONS” and/or the content of this specification shall be subject to adjustment to the contract price, deadweight, etc, which may be effected, if notified in writing by the Builder and accepted in writing by the Owner.

船东提出的任何超出规则和规范(例如第108条“规则和规范”)或本规格书内容之外的要求,将影响到合同价格、载重量等,它或许可以实现,不过应由船厂作出书面通报并应由船东书面认可。

If the same item duplicated in this Specification, it is to be understood that these items shall be supplied and/or equipped once only.

如果同样的条款在本规格书中多次提及,它应被理解为该条款仅提供和安装一次。

If any inconsistency is found between the Contract and this Specification and/or this Specification and Plan, the former shall prevail and govern unless otherwise agreed.

如果在合同和本规格书之间和/或本规格书和图纸之间产生矛盾,除非另外达成协议,否则应以前者为准。

If any inconsistency is found between the Hull, Machinery and Electric Specifications, the description of the Specification which governs the installation or equipment shall prevail.

如果在船体说明书、轮机说明书和电气说明书之间发生矛盾,应以描述确定安装或装备的说明为准。

Any amendments or changes in Rules and Regulations as described in Article 108 “RULES AND REGULATIONS” as well as IMO and International Conventions issued and coming into effect after contract coming into force for the first vessel is to be treated as a modification to the Contract and to be subject to separate negotiations between the Owner and the Builder. However, all international Rules and Regulations which are known at present but not come into force and specifically mentioned in the Specification to be applicable on this vessel.

任何有关规则和规范例如第108条“规则和规范”及IMO规则和国际公约的修改和变化,以及对第一条船合同生效后造成影响的均被当作合同的修改,由船东和船厂单独商议决定。无论如何,人所共知的国际规则和规范除了目前还没生效的和本规格书中明确提出的均应用于这条船。

Any amendment or changes in this Specification and/or Contract Plans to be treated in a similar way as set out above.

任何关于本规格书和/或合同图纸的修改和变化和上述同样处理。

If the Owner shall desire to apply the said amendment and/or changes to the vessel, the Builder shall submit in a written document, the effect on the ship’s price, deadweight, delivery date or any other item which may affect the Contract.

如果船东口头提出想对船舶作出修改和变化,船厂应提交一份书面记录,说明其对船价、载重量、交船日期或其他任何可能影响合同的项目。

These amendments or changes shall come into effect after the agreement has been reached between the Owner and the Builder, and a written consent has been signed between both parties.

这些修改和变化在船东和船厂达成协议后即开始生效,并且要有双方签字的书面记录。

Amendment and changes to be recorded in a memorandum or written document signed by the Owner and the Builder. These documents shall be a supplement to the Contract Specification.

修改和变化应以船东和船厂签字的备忘录或书面文件形式记录在案。这些文件将作为合同和规格书的补充。

Whenever the term “or equal” is used after a brand or a type or a type of machinery equipment or component, the term “or equal” to be understood to mean that any substitute shall be of equivalent standard and quality. Subject to Owner’s written approval

无论何时,在牌号或型号或机械设备类型或构件之后使用“or equal”,应被理解为替代品,但应具有同等的标准和质量。并得到船东的签字认可。

Where ever in the Specification the term “or ”, “ if necessary”, “when considered” and other similar expressions may be used, the final choice in all important matters are to be made by mutual agreement between Builder and Owner.

本规格书很多地方可能会使用“or”,“if necessary”,“when considered”及其他类似的表达方式,但所有重大问题的最终选择应由船厂和船东达成的协议决定。

The Builder shall furnish all items required for the completion of the vessel in accordance with this specification except items specifically stated herein as to be furnished and supplied by the Owner.

船厂应按照规格书提供所有对本船完工所必需的项目,除了本规格书中明确指出的船东供应品之外。

”Makers List”

“厂商表”:

The builder shall have the option to select the makers from the “Makers List” which shall be prepared by the Builder and shall be mutually agreed between the Owner and the Builder, according to instructions。

船厂有权从“厂商表”中选择厂家,由船厂准备好并经船东和船厂双方达成协议。

However, the Buyer has the right to introduce certain material, articles, types and manufacturers in addition to the Makers List which shall be subject to mutual agreement.

然而,买主有权提出某些原材料、项目、型式和厂商表以外的厂商,这将由双方达成的协议决定。

102. CARGO LIST货品清单

The cargo list for oil product which can lawfully be carriedaccording to Class Notation, technical specification and not harmful to vessel's coating and cargo system, principally:

货品清单中的成品油能够按照入级标记、技术规格合法的营运并且不会对船舶覆料及货物系统造成损害。主要包括下列品种:

-------- Oil cargoes (MARPOL Annex I), excluding Asphalt, Bitumen

油类货物(MARPOL附则I)等,除了沥青、柏油。

-------- Vegetable oils (listed as IMO category IBC Code

植物油(见清单IMO 类IBC);

The details of the cargo list to be determined by CLASS.

货油清单的细节由船级社决定

103. MATERIAL, WORKMANSHIP, STANDARD AND UNIT

材料、工艺、标准和单位

103.1 Material 材料

Structural steel material of main hull structure to be of the quality as required by the Classification Society and shall be free of cracks, lamination, surface defects and other defects.

主船体结构用钢的材料须满足船级社要求,并且无裂纹、迭片结构、表面缺陷和其他的缺陷。

Manufacturers’ standard type, size and materials of machinery, equipment and fittings shall be adopted, unless otherwise specifically described in the Specification provided above, reference to standards are met and provided that they are in accordance with good international standard.

厂商的标准型式、尺寸及各种机械、设备和附件的材料会被采用,除非本规格书中另外明确规定。上述提及的标准应是适当的并且依照国际先进标准。

If any of the materials or equipment described in the Specification are not available, the Builder may supply other materials or equipment with Owner’s written agreement capable of meeting the requirements of the Classification Society and of the Rules and Regulations.

如果本规格书中所有材料和设备的描述都不可用,船厂可以提供其他的材料和装备并经船东书面签字同意。它应能满足船级社和规则及规范的要求。

Substitution of the materials or equipment shall be subject to the provisions of the Contract.

材料和设备的代用应遵从合同的规定。

No asbestos to be used in/on the Vessel. Statement of fact to be provided.

本船不准使用石棉。倘若使用须提供以事实为依据的证明其无害的书面报告。

Quality and constructional arrangement to be made to ensure easy maintenance as far as practically possible for all machinery and equipment.

质量和结构布置应确保简洁易行以及所有机械和设备的日后保养工作的可行性。

Stainless steel without grade notation in the specification shall mean Chinese Standard equivalent to JIS SUS 304 with Class approval when necessary.

本规格书中未注明牌号的不锈钢,意指等效于JIS SUS304的中国标准并经船级社认可。

Grease nipples shall be of pin type JIS B 1575 1/8” or equivalent ISO standard, but only one type to be used as far as possible throughout the vessel at Builder’s option.

油嘴将采用注入式JIS B 1575 1/8或等效的ISO标准,不过在船舶的整个建造过程中尽可能选用一种标准,这由船厂选择。

Damages occurring to materials shall be suitably corrected or replaced with new before delivery of the vessel.

对损坏的材料应在交船前进行适当的修正或换新。

103.2 Workmanship 工艺

All workmanship used in the construction of the vessel shall be in accordance with good international shipbuilding practice and all applicable rules, regulations and standards.

船舶建造中使用的所有工艺应依照世界先进造船经验和所有适用的规则、规范和标准。

Builder’s and Makers’ standards in no area to be inferiorto CSQS (China Shipbuilding Quality Standards)

船厂和厂家的标准决不能次于CSQS(中国造船质量标准)

Shipyard undertakes to exercise a full quality control regime, effect the same standards throughout the series and ensure that same are met by all subcontractors employed in the construction of the vessels.

船厂要确保整个质量把关,对于次承包商和工人在船舶建造过程中进行质量确保。

103.3 Spare Parts, tools and Accessories 备件、工具和附件

Spare parts, tools and accessories for the machinery and equipment shall be supplied in accordance with the Class recommendations and the manufacturer’s standards unless otherwise specifically described in the Specification. A reasonable amount of additional spare parts supplied by the Owner should, however, be placed onboard during the outfitting period without extra cost.

用于机械和设备的备件,工具及附件应按照船级社建议和厂商标准,除非本规格书另外明确规定。合理数量的附加备件由船东供货,但是,把它们放到船上的舾装工作没有额外的费用。

One spare anchor per vessel to be provided.

每条船舶要提供一个备件锚。

103.4 Definitions used in this Specification 本规格书中使用的定义

Contract: The shipbuilding contract for Hull Numbers: YX009, YX010,YX011

合同:建造合同船号:YX009,YX010,YX011

Builder, contractor: JIU JIANG YIN XING Shipyard, China

建造者,承包人:九江银星造船有限公司,中国

Specification This specification

规格书: 本规格书

Vessel: This product oil /chemical tanker IMO II

船舶: 成品油船/化学品 II 类船舶

Classification Society: BV

船级社:BV

103.5 Unit of Measure 计量单位

Metric system to be adopted for design and construction of hull, machinery, equipment, etc

船体、机械和设备等的设计与建造采用公制单位。

All measuring units such as power, pressure gauge, thermometer, volume gauge, tanks scales etc., to be in accordance with metric system.

所有测量单位例如功率、压力计、温度计、体积测量、舱容测量等均采用公制。

103.6 Operating temperature工作温度

Operating temperature of all exposed deck equipment such as, but not limited to, cranes, windlasses, hydraulic aggregates, hatch covers, navigating equipment shall be minus 20 degrees and 42 degrees Centigrade subject to Class approval.

所有露天甲板设备例如克令吊、锚机、液压系统、舱口盖、航海设备的工作温度应为-20℃和-42℃并满足船级社要求。

103.7 Standards used in this Specification 本规格书中使用的标准

The following standards to be applied on construction of the vessel:

1. 下列标准在本船建造中被应用:

ISO Standards and Chinese Ship Building Standards

2.ISO标准和中国造船标准。

The Chinese Standards to be as follows:

中国标准依下列各项:

1) Chinese Industry Standards (GB)

中国行业标准(GB)

2) Chinese Ship Building Standard (CB)

中国造船业标准(CB)

3) Chinese metallurgical Standard (YB)

中国冶金标准 (YB)

4) Chinese Machinery and Electric Standard (JB)

中国机电标准 (JB)

5) China Shupbuilding Quality Standard (CSQS)

中国造船质量标准(CSQS)

The ISO Standards to be applied as far as possible.

尽可能使用ISO标准。

All flange to comply to ISO standard.

所有的法兰要满足ISO标准。

103.8 Language 语言

All documents and drawings for design and construction of the Vessel which shall be submitted to the Owner, shall be prepared in English.

所有提交给船东的有关本船设计和建造的文档资料和图纸均使用英文。

103.9 Care of the Vessel during construction 本船建造期间的注意事项

Protection of Equipment and Material

设备和材料的保护:

The Builder and all or their subcontractors shall maintain a high level of cleanliness of all equipment and materials being part of the Vessel during the time of construction.

本船建造期间,船厂以及其承包商应对本船的设备和材料进行高质量的清洁维护工作。

Wear and tear to be prevented as well as damage, ingress of grit and dirt, water and oil, paint over spray, burning damages etc.

防止诸如破损、进入灰尘和污泥、水、油、油漆飞溅、烧损等损耗和危害。

. Protect all material being stored in warehouses or similar

所有的材料要被存储在仓库和类似的地方。

damaged part to be exchanged or repaired “as new” condition.

被损害的部分要进行调换或修理成“新”似的状态。

Fire prevention 防火

A comprehensive and effective system of fire detection, protection and fighting to be organized and maintained while the vessel is under construction.

本船建造期间应组织和维持一个全面而有效的探火、防火、灭火系统。

Suitable fire resistant covers to be used to protect intricate and vulnerable items of machinery and equipment from flying sparks or other potential sources of fire.

适当的防火遮盖物用于保护复杂和易受攻击的机械和设备的零件应远离溅火星处和其他火源之处。

A fire watch to be maintained when welding near installed insulation. During welding operations, except for tack or spot welding, insulation material to be removed in way of the welding.

在安装绝缘附近焊接操作时应注意火情观察。焊接操作期间,除非间断焊和点焊,绝缘材料应从焊接处移开。

Fire precaution and safety inspection procedure system shall be established for Owner’s approval.

火灾预防和安全检测程序的体制应确定并交船东认可。

Special restrictions against smoking to be enforced when danger of fire or explosion exists as well as during fueling or handling of volatile and flammable materials.

特别强凋,在易燃、易爆的危险区域及加注燃油或进行易燃和易挥发的物质的操作时禁止吸烟。

Intrinsically safe lighting not to be used in freshly painted compartments or other spaces where a fire hazard may exist.

安全的灯具不能用于刚涂满油漆的房间或其他存在火灾的区域。

求散货船双层底的装焊具体步骤,从准备—装配—焊接—检验各详细步骤(最好包括正装和倒装两种不同的步骤

船舶行业作为军工发展重要的一部分,近年来新承接订单与手持订单数量均呈下行趋势,2020年新承接订单较上年下降0.48%为2893万载重吨,手持订单数量为7111万载重吨,较上年下降12.92%。同时,行业上游原材料价格的大幅提升压缩了利润空间,2020年利润总额为47.8亿元,较上年下降17.3%。

受此影响,行业内头部企业的运营能力也逐年下降。总体看来,行业景气度的下降以及成本的不断上升使得船舶行业发展面临较大阻力。

船舶工业行业订单情况逐年走低

军工行业是国家安全的支柱,承担国防科研生产任务,为国家武装力量提供各种武器装备研制。目前军工行业的基本分类主要有:核工业、航空工业、航天工业、船舶工业、兵器工业五个类别。

其中船舶工业在确保国家的国防安全和推动我国交通运输业、海洋开发业等重要国民经济部门的发展方面具有不可替代的巨大作用。

2013-2020年我国造船承接的新船订单与手持订单整体呈下降趋势。2019年,全国造船承接新船订单2907万载重吨,同比下降3.04%。12月底,手持船舶订单8166万载重吨,同比下降7.55%。

2020年,全国造船承接新船订单2893万载重吨,同比下降0.48%。12月底,手持船舶订单7111万载重吨,同比下降12.9%。

造船成本上升限制行业发展

船舶工业中的利润有大部分来自于船舶制造,钢材作为造船的主要原料,其价格水平很大程度上决定了造船的成本。

截至目前,钢材价格指数最高值达到了133.59点,出现在2021年3月5日最低值为92.39点,出现在2020年4月10日。根据钢材的价格指数的走势来看,近段时间来钢材的价格整体呈上升趋势,原因除了各类建设项目和企业提前复工复产释放了钢材需求外,还因为钢材的制造原料铁矿石的价格大幅上升。

行业利润总额总体呈下降趋势

2010-2020年全国规模以上船舶工业企业实现利润总额整体呈下降趋势,在2019年时利润总额为57.8亿元,较上年下降约48.53%,2020年利润总额为47.8亿元,较上年下降17.3%。其中,船舶工业企业主要由船舶制造企业、船舶配套企业、船舶修理企业、船舶改装企业、船舶拆除企业与海工装备制造企业构成。

2020年全年,规模以上船舶工业企业实现利润总额47.8亿元,同比下降约17.3%。其中,船舶制造企业9.3亿元,同比下降84.3%船舶配套企业17.4亿元,同比下降25.3%船舶修理企业19.3亿元,同比增长13倍船舶改装企业4.8亿元,同比增长33.3%船舶拆除企业1.4亿元,同比下降41.7%海工装备制造企业亏损4.2亿元,同比减亏17.3亿元航标器材及其他浮动装置的制造企业亏损0.2亿元,与上年持平。

注:中国船舶工业行业协会在2016年与2019年的利润总额情况说明中仅公布了1-11月的数据,故2016年与2019年全年数据为测算数据。

船舶行业代表性企业运营能力普遍下降

国内船舶行业的代表性企业有中国重工、中国船舶、中船科技与中船防务,通过图表可以看出2015-2020年前三季度,这四家代表性企业的总资产周转率总体呈下降趋势,说明公司的运营能力逐年下降,销售能力变弱。可以发现,船舶行业整体景气度的下降对头部公司造成了影响,同时造船成本的上升也带来了一定的阻力。

总体来看,通过船舶行业订单情况逐年走低,行业经营效益下行的趋势可以看出我国船舶行业的景气度正在下降,通过这一现象可以推断目前我国军工行业的发展重心正在从船舶行业向其他行业偏移。

—— 更多本行业研究分析详见前瞻产业研究院《中国船舶制造行业市场需求预测与投资战略规划分析报告》

造船的材料是什么

船体结构主要材料。

2. 1船体结构的主要板材、型材材质为CCS-A级钢;部分管材材质为不锈钢;舱口围板材质为CCS-B级钢.

2.2所有船体结构钢材均为具有船级社证书的船用钢材,并且需得到中国船级社(CCS)的认可。所有的板材和型材在建造前喷涂车间底漆。

3.焊接材料

3.1船体结构焊接应使用经中国CCS认可的焊接材料和辅助材料且须由验船师检查认可。

3.2焊接材料和辅助材料的质量等级应和被焊母材相适应。

3. 3焊接材料详见各工位焊接规格表。

4. 焊接工艺

焊接工艺应取得CCS验船师认可。

5.分段划分:

本船主体共分34个分段,具体划分情况详见分段划分图(YCS32-110-05)。

6.型线放样

6.1本船型线根据船东提供的型值表,样台按1:1实尺放样,部分位疑点由技术处查阅船东提供的有关文件或咨询船东驻厂代表,以及对外联系。

6.2线型放样各剖面的基线和中心线必须用激光经纬仪勘划格子线和型值点的测划应准确。

6.3各剖面线型应光顺,任何部位应遵循投影规律,必要时作斜剖线检验。

6.4外板板缝排列整齐,外板展开应准确,曲面外板应作出加工线和检验线,必要时作样箱供加工和检验,对放有余量的边缘应标明。

6.5下料样板应标明规格及牌号。

6.6所有下料、加工及检验样板应准确,并且有一定的强度和刚度。

6.7铁样台过线要准确。

6.8船体结构理论线详见分段划分图(YCS32-110-05)。

7.材料检验及跟踪。

7.1进厂钢材必须同时提交材质保证书及炉批号等资料。钢材进厂后应检验其质量,对各种钢材抽样作化学分析。

7.2从钢材投料之前的表面预处理到主船体成形的各工艺阶段,对船体的各构件应追踪记录材料的炉批号及材质保证书,材料预处理后应标记编号再进车间,下料各构件上必须标明材质,构件代码等标记。

8钢材表面预处理。

所有钢材按油漆商的要求和推荐应喷砂除锈达到瑞典Sa2.5级除锈标准,并归定的时间内涂上13~20μm厚的车间底漆,喷砂清理及上底漆的要求按《中国造船质量标准》(CSQS)执行。

9.下料、加工

9.1构件下料应尽量采用自动(数控)切割和半自动切割,允许部分使用机械剪切,尽量不用手工切割。

9.2切割后出现的缺陷应修整,弃除毛刺,飞边及氧化物等,边缘应打磨圆滑(R=2)。

9.3划线、下料应确保形状、尺寸准确,加工到位,保证构件精度;经自检和专检合格后方可送达下道工序。

10.焊接

10.焊接应严格按本船各工位的焊接规格表中规定的焊接方法、焊接材料、焊接顺序、焊接参数、焊接规格施焊(包括定位焊),严格控制焊接变形,(特别是双层底分段、舷侧分段、舱壁分段、机舱分段等)。

10.2对所有构件的切口,开孔和结构的端部,必须满足包角焊的要求。

10.3凡构件通过水密舱壁除应在舱壁上装焊水密衬板外,构件上应开止漏孔,开孔后增焊水密舱角焊段。

10.4焊缝探伤和拍片位置和数量按照船级社指定位置及要求进行,焊缝检验按照《中国造船质量标准》(CSQS)有关焊接部分关于焊缝质量检验的标准进行检验。

11.分段建造方法

11.1双层底 211~215分段,以内底板为基面反造, 213分段为双层底总装的基准分段。

11.2舷侧分段221P/S~225P/S分段,以内纵壁为基面卧造;

11.3艏、艉101~106,301、302、303、601分段,以主甲板或平台甲板为基面反造;231、232、233为舱壁分段,以相应舱壁为基面卧造。

11.4中部无线型变化分段采用有余量建造,艏艉分段及有线型的分段环缝处(一端)放50mm余量;双层底分段左右放50mm余量;

11.5 分段在划线时收缩量的排放:

双层底纵、横间距每档加放0.5mm;

舷侧分段纵向每档加放0.5mm,4800平台以上放5mm焊接收缩量;

环缝处预留总装焊接收缩量5mm。

11.6双层底分段建造时纵向按2/1000放反变形.

11.7各分段施工严格按分段图中的工艺程序和施工说明施工.

12.分段预舾装

12.1各分段建造时,安排适当的时间和场地进行舱内管系的预装,电缆搁架的安装。

12.2梯道、人孔盖等要求分段预装

12.3 中间分段内的管子安装好.

13.密性试验

13.1各分段装配焊接完工并报检后,分段内完整的舱室要进行气密试验。

13.2总装合拢环缝施焊完毕经检验后,分段未进行气密试验的不完整舱室进行气密试验,注意已装上的管系要参加舱室一起试气,在管系接头处封盲板。

12.3密性试验为气密试验,具体要求按中国船级社(CCS)“钢质海船入级与建造规范”(1996)的有关密性试验的规定执行。

13.4密性直接关系本船的建造质量,必须认真对待。

14.油漆

14.1经过预处理的钢材装配成分段并施焊,交验合格后,进行油漆工程,详见本船涂装工艺。

14.2油漆的使用应完全按油漆提供商的产品说明书施工。

14.3涂装施工的环境、温度湿度、间隔时间、表面清洁、膜厚应按相应要求施工。

造船材料,有碳素钢、合金钢、铸铁、船用钢、有色金属及其合金,以及船用型材、板材及管材等船用金属材料。

船用钢指用于制造海船和内河船舶船体结构用的钢,通常为优质碳素钢和优质低合金钢。船用钢要求有一定的强度、韧性和 、一定的耐低温及耐腐蚀性能,并要求有较好的焊接性能。

常用的 船体结构钢有GB712规定的一般强度钢(A、B、D、E级)钢板, 高强度钢(AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36 级)钢板; GB5312规定的船舶用优质碳素钢(CIO、C20)钢管;GB9945规 定的造船用A、B级钢球扁钢等。

扩展资料

由于船舶工作环境恶劣,船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀;船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷;船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。

首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求,此外,要求有较高的强度,良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能,加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性,要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上,对碳当量也有严格要求,并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。

船体用结构钢按照其最小屈服点划分强度级别为:一般强度结构钢和高强度结构钢。船体用结构钢分一般强度和高强度钢两种,一般强度钢按质量分A、B、D和E四个等级;高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级;AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。

中国船级社规范标准的一般强度结构钢分为:A、B、C、D四个质量等级(即CCSA、CCSB、CCSC、CCSD);中国船级社规范标准的高强度结构钢为三个强度级别、四个质量等级。

参考资料:

百度百科-造船材料

参考资料:

百度百科-船用钢板

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